Table 1 Summary of SNP analysis in candidate genes

ERCC2 [38]

codon 751 A > C (A/C + C/C)^a vs A/A; 4.77(2.75-8.23)

<0.0001

The A/A variant (Lys/Lys) of ERCC2 demonstrated a suboptimal level of DNA repair and were significantly associated with arsenic-induced hyperkeratosis.

China [65]

codon 751 A > C (A/C + C/C)^a vs A/A; 2.36 (1.35-4.14)

<0.01

Lys demonstrated increased risk of arsenic induced skin lesions among the Chinese population.

IL10 [31]

promoter −3575 T > A T/T^a vs (T/A + A/A); 2.03(1.26-3.28)

<0.01

TNF-α and IL-10 variants were associated with increased skin lesions as well as overexpression and underexpression of the factors respectively.

Bangladesh [66]

rs3024496 A > G

<0.05

rs3024996 was significantly associated with arsenic induced skin lesions after multiple comparison adjustments

NLRP2 [32]

codon 1052 (C > A); 0.67 (0.46-0.97) C/C^a vs (C/A + A/A)

<0.05

Presence of minor allele (A) lead to prominent risk towards development of arsenic-induced skin lesions.

TP53 [43]

codon 72 (G > C); 2.086 (1.318-3.299)

<0.001

Arginine homozygous at codon 72 of p53 showed increased risk to keratosis and higher chromosomal aberration in arsenic-exposed individuals.

Taiwan [67]

codon 72 (G > C)

<0.01

Proline homozygous or heterozygous showed a relative higher risk in renal cell carcinoma, upon arsenic exposure.

PNP [26]

codon 20 C > T C/C^a vs (C/T + T/T); 1.69(1.08-2.66)

0.02

PNP variants are significantly associated with arsenic induced dermatological lesions

Taiwan [68]

codon 57 C > T C/C^a vs (C/T + T/T) 1.50 (1.03-2.18)

<0.05

PNP SNP results in a modified and significant risk of carotid artherosclerosis along with either of AS3MT or GSTO1 SNP.

codon 51 G > A G/G^a vs (G/A + A/A); 1.66(1.04-2.64)

0.04

codon 57 C > T C/C^a vs (C/T + T/T); 1.67(1.05-2.66)

0.04

TNF-a [31]

promoter −308 G > A G/G^a vs (G/A+ A/A); 3.04(1.78-5.21)

<0.001

TNF-α and IL-10 variants were associated with increased skin lesions as well as overexpression and underexpression of the factors respectively.

Taiwan [69]

promoter −308 G > A

<0.05

G/A + G/G (low iAs) had a higher risk of urothelial carcinoma upon arsenic exposure compared to A/A (high iAs) group. OR: 14.98; 95%CI: 2.63-85.44.

XRCC3 [40]

codon 241 C > T (C/T + T/T)^a vs C/C; 0.45(0.30-0.67)

<0.0001

T: Methionine allele showed protective role against dermatological lesions as well as cytogenetic damage.

Hungary, Romania, Slovakia [70]

codon 241 C > T C/C^a : 1.00 C/T:0.7 (0.54-0.92) T/T:0.54 (0.36-0.8)

<0.01

Associated significantly basal cell carcinoma.