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Table 1 Frequency of micronucleus (MN) in mice bone marrow PCEs cells and PCE/NCE ratio induced by arsenic and sadagura alone and in combination

From: Arsenic and smokeless tobacco induce genotoxicity, sperm abnormality as well as oxidative stress in mice in vivo

Treatment groups

Total PCE /n

% PCE with MN (mean ± S.E)

Total NCE

PCE/NCE (mean ± S.E)

CON

12000/6

0.06 ± 0.03

5098

2.39 ± 0.13

SA1

12000/6

0.23 ± 0.04a*

5044

2.40 ± 0.11

SA2

12000/6

0.43 ± 0.04a***

5160

2.34 ± 0.10c

SG

12000/6

0.22 ± 0.02b*

4760

2.52 ± 0.06d

SA1 + SG

12000/6

0.33 ± 0.01***

5334

2.26 ± 0.06

SA2 + SG

12000/6

0.45 ± 0.02b***

6625

1.86 ± 0.13cd*

  1. Description of treatment groups is given in methodology section. PCE Polychromatic erythrocyte, NCE Normochromatic erythrocyte. Statistical analysis: ANOVA. Groups bearing the same superscript are significantly different from each other: a, b = p < 0.001; d = p < 0.01; c = p < 0.05. Values are significantly different from control: * = p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; *** = p < 0.001