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Table 6 Frequencies of MN and BNu in farmers and controls according to age, gender, smoking status, BMI and duration of employment. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (s.d)

From: The association of nuclear abnormalities in exfoliated buccal epithelial cells with the health status of different agricultural activities farmers in Peninsular Malaysia

 

Controls (n = 30)

Farmers (n = 39)

Mean ± S.D

Mean ± S.D

Groups

Frequency of MN (%)

Frequency of BNu (%)

Frequency of MN (%)

Frequency of BNu (%)

Age (years)

 26–35

1.01 ± 0.32

2.01 ± 0.73

6.65 ± 0.92*

1.50 ± 1.41

 36–45

1.47 ± 0.58

1.67 ± 0.94

6.22 ± 1.90*

1.51 ± 0.19

 46–55

1.57 ± 0.72

1.49 ± 0.86

8.01 ± 3.09*

1.33 ± 0.45

 56–65

1.10 ± 0.14

1.85 ± 0.64

6.61 ± 3.21*

1.63 ± 0.74

Gender

 Male

1.32 ± 0.55

1.85 ± 0.86

6.75 ± 3.01*

1.49 ± 0.61

 Female

1.56 ± 0.70

1.32 ± 0.70

7.23 ± 2.43*

1.80 ± 0.83

Smoking status

 Smokers

1.25 ± 0.41

1.99 ± 1.08

6.82 ± 2.65*

1.39 ± 0.62

 Non-smokers

1.45 ± 0.66

1.56 ± 0.71

6.83 ± 3.15*

1.65 ± 0.65

BMI

 Underweight

-

-

6.89 ± 3.04

1.49 ± 0.80

 Normal

1.54 ± 0.61

1.59 ± 1.19

7.83 ± 3.19*

1.43 ± 0.77

 Pre-obese

1.22 ± 0.47

1.72 ± 0.62

6.22 ± 2.58*

1.58 ± 0.57

 Obese grade 1

1.66 ± 0.31

1.30 ± 0.61

6.25 ± 4.74

1.85 ± 0.35

 Obese grade 2

1.57 ± 1.25

2.23 ± 0.91

-

-

Duration of employment (years)

 1–10

1.39 ± 0.50

1.74 ± 0.99

7.04 ± 2.39*

1.34 ± 0.61

 11–20

1.21 ± 0.64

1.74 ± 0.72

6.14 ± 3.02*

1.54 ± 0.42

 21–30

1.67 ± 0.83

1.56 ± 0.93

5.80 ± 2.06*

1.76 ± 0.48

 31–40

1.25 ± 0.53

1.63 ± 0.52

7.32 ± 4.20*

1.29 ± 0.88

 41–50

-

-

8.82 ± 3.71

1.71 ± 1.08

Total

1.39 ± 0.60

1.69 ± 0.84

6.83 ± 2.91*

1.54 ± 0.64

  1. *Farmers versus controls (p < 0.05)