Table 1 Human cancer caused by infectious agents worldwide and possible markers
Infectious agents | Cancer site | Number of cancer cases | Cancer cases world wide (%) | Detection of 8-nitroguanine [Refs.] | Possible markers for CSC [20] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | |||||
 H. pylori | Stomach | 490,000 | 5.4 | SALL4, KLF5, LgR5 | |
Viruses | |||||
 HPV | Cervix and other sites | 550,000 | 6.1 | Patients [52] | CK17 CD44 (HPV16) Oct3/4 (HPV16) |
 HBV, HCV | Liver | 390,000 | 4.3 | Patients with HCV [39] Mice with HBV [Fig. 5B, unpublished data] | CK19 Nanog, CD133 |
 EBV | Lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | 99,000 | 1.1 | Patients [57] | LMP2A LMP1, Bmi-1 |
 HHV-8 | Kaposi sarcoma | 54,000 | 0.6 |  |  |
 HTLV-1 | Leukemia | 9,000 | 0.1 |  |  |
Parasites | |||||
 SH | Bladder | 2,700 | 0.1 | Oct3/4 (patients with SH) [21] CD44v6 (patients without SH) [22] | |
 Liver flukes | Cholangiocarcinoma | 800 |  |  |  |
 OV |  |  |  | CD133, Oct3/4 [74] | |
CS | |||||
| Â | Total infection- related cancers | 1,600,000 | 17.7 | Â | Â |
| Â | Total cancers in 1995 | 9,000,000 | 100 | Â | Â |