Fig. 1
From: Advantages of evaluating γH2AX induction in non-clinical drug development
A model strategy for assessing the genotoxicity of drug candidates in non-clinical studies. Early evaluation of γH2AX during screening provides information on the genotoxic MoA, which enables a strategy to be set, even at an early development stage, and allows non-clinical test batteries for regulatory applications to be chosen. The figure illustrates the timing of each genotoxicity test: in vitro/vivo micronucleus test (MNT), Ames tests, in vitro MNT accompanied with γH2AX evaluation (in vitro MNT + γH2AX), in vitro/vivo MNT accompanied with fluorescence in situ hybridization using centromeric DNA probes (MNT + FISH), chromosomal aberration (CA) tests, and comet assay