High-content imaging analyses of γH2AX-foci and micronuclei in TK6 cells elucidated genotoxicity of chemicals and their clastogenic/aneugenic mode of action

Table 3 Characteristics of automatic MN detection methods

Methods for MN detection	Advantage	Limitation	Reference
Imaging analysis with slide glass specimens	Easy to confirm the validity of a MN-detection algorithm by means of checking the MN images manually by skilled observers.	Limited to middle-throughput.Difficult to apply multi-endpoint assays.	16
Imaging analysis with slide glass specimens		Difficult to apply robotics for plate preparation.	16
Imaging analysis with micro-plates in adherent cells	Easy to confirm the validity of an algorithm by means of checking the MN images manually by skilled observers.	Difficult to apply to non-adherent cells such as TK6 or primary lymphocytes.	10, 11
Imaging analysis with micro-plates in adherent cells	Easy to apply robotics for plate preparation.		10, 11
Flowcytometric analysis	Easy to apply to non-adherent cells such as TK6 or primary lymphocytes. Applicable to multi-endpoint assay (e.g. gH2AX, H3, p53).	Difficult to confirm whether the MN detected were bona fide.	18
Flowcytometric analysis		Difficult to apply robotics for the sample preparation.	18
Imaging analysis with micro-plate in non-adherent cells (the method in this article)	Easy to confirm the validity of an algorithm by means of checking the MN images manually by skilled observers.	Difficult to apply robotics for plate preparation.	This article
	Applicable to multi-endpoint assay (e.g. gH2AX).	Difficult to apply robotics for plate preparation.	This article

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