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Fig. 2 | Genes and Environment

Fig. 2

From: Current perspectives on mechanisms of ribonucleotide incorporation and processing in mammalian DNA

Fig. 2

Models depicting the processing of ribonucleotide by mammalian topoisomerase 1. (1) A nick containing 2′,3′-cyclic phosphate and 5′-OH ends is re-ligated by TOP1. (2) Strand cleavage by TOP1 upstream from the nick leads to the formation of a second TOP1cc. Re-ligation across the gap by TOP1 causes a short-deletion. (3) Cleavage of the opposite strand by TOP1 results in the formation of the DNA strand break with TOP1cc at the strand terminus

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