Table 3 Antimutagenic activity of coumarins (1 and 2), limonoids (19 and 20), oxime and synthetic intermediates (21, 21a, and 21b), ent-kaurane diterpenoids (25, 26, 29, 30, and 33), and onoceranoid-type triterpenoids (47–49, 53, and 54) against PhIP (1.0 μg/plate) using the Ames test [4,5,6,7,8] a,b
From: Isolation and structure elucidation of constituents of Citrus limon, Isodon japonicus, and Lansium domesticum as the cancer prevention agents
| | Inhibition % (Based on number of revertant colonies) |
|---|
| 50 nmol/plate | 100 nmol/plate | 200 nmol/plate | 400 nmol/plate | 800 nmol/plate |
|---|
| Coumarins |
| 1b | 17.5% | 29.1% | 48.4% | 48.6% | 81.4% |
| 2b | 18.2% | 35.4% | 62.2% | 77.6% | 86.3% |
| Limonoids |
| 19b | 27.0% | 39.0% | 25.5% | 50.3% | 46.7% |
| 20b | 23.6% | 44.2% | 74.9% | 79.8% | |
| Oxime |
| 21b | 12.2% | 11.1% | 29.7% | 47.1% | 63.7% |
| Synthetic intermediates of 21 |
| 21ab | 8.6% | 7.4% | 0.7% | – | – |
| 21bb | 10.7% | 18.0% | 39.0% | 53.3% | 68.1% |
| ent-Kaurane diterpenoids |
| 25b | 55.8% | 62.8% | 73.7% | 80.7% | |
| 26b | 54.3% | 72.0% | 79.5% | 85.5% | |
| 29b | 24.0% | 43.2% | 62.3% | 74.2% | |
| 30b | 51.0% | 64.8% | 81.4% | 85.5% | |
| 33b | 71.0% | 79.5% | 80.4% | | |
| Onoceranoid-type triterpenoids |
| 47b | 30.8% | 72.7% | 93.7% | 94.9% | |
| 48b | 14.3% | 33.7% | 54.3% | 74.4% | |
| 49b | 4.1% | 17.2% | 22.5% | 41.0% | |
| 53b | 36.8% | 65.2% | 94.1% | 93.9% | |
| 54c | 18.6% | 32.4% | 63.2% | 95.4% | |
- a Nobiletin was used as a reference compound. It showed 56% inhibition at 20 nmol/plate
- b Compounds showed no antibacterial activity [< 5.0% inhibition at highest concentration] against the S. typhimurium TA98 strain
- c Compound showed weak antibacterial activity [54: 23.0% inhibition at 400 nmol/plate] against the S. typhimurium TA98 strain
