Fig. 1

Chlorophyllin (CHL), a water-soluble derivative of natural chlorophyll, is an interceptor molecule of heterocyclic amines. a Spectrophotometric titration studies identified molecular complex formation between CHL and the cooked meat mutagen 2-amino-3-methylimidazo [4,5-f] quinoline (IQ). b Benesi-Hildebrand plot and molecular docking in silico of the CHL-IQ complex. Dissociation constants also were defined for other dietary heterocyclic amines, with complexes involving 1:1 or 2:1 stoichiometry. c In vitro, the kinetics of IQ-DNA binding indicated competitive inhibition by CHL. d In vivo, co-administration of CHL and IQ by single oral gavage reduced IQ-DNA adducts significantly in the rat liver (*P < 0.05). e Inhibition of IQ-induced tumorigenesis in the rat following co-treatment with CHL and IQ for 1 year. From the author’s published reports [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26]