Advances in neural organoid systems and their application in neurotoxicity testing of environmental chemicals

Genes and Environment

Table 2 Summary of neurotoxicity testing research about environmental chemicals based on neural organoids

Environmental factors	CNS region	Organoid type	Main findings	Reference
60 compounds	Forebrain	Neural constructs	Correctly classified 9 of 10 chemicals in the blinded trial.	[60]
BPA	Forebrain	Forebrain organoids	Dose-dependent decrease in the relative VZ thickness	[38]
TBBPA	Midbrain	Morebrain organoids	TBBPA is a selective toxicant for dopaminergic neurons	[59]
Alcohol	Forebrain, Hindbrain	Brain organoids on an array chip	Attenuated neurite outgrowth and skewed neural maturation; Altered GSX2 gene, RSPO2 gene, and the Hippo signaling pathway	[56]
Cd	Forebrain, Hindbrain	Brain organoids on an array chip	Induced cell apoptosis, skewed neural differentiation, and varied brain regionalization	[57]
Alcohol	Whole brain	Cerebral organoid	Induced cell apoptosis in a dose- and brain cell type-dependent manner; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Ultrastructure changes of cells such as degenerated synapse.	[61]
6 antiepileptic drugs	Spinal cord	Spinal cord organoids	VPA and CBZ resulted a failure of neural tube closure in a dose-dependent manner	[49]

ISSN: 1880-7062