Evaluation of a 4-day repeated-dose micronucleus test in rat glandular stomach and colon using aneugens and non-genotoxic non-carcinogens

Table 2 Summary of the results of 4-day repeated-dose micronucleus test

Classes	Chemicals	Route	Micronucleus test with a 4-day treatment regimen				In vitro genotoxicity test		Carcinogenicity in rodent (main target) [Ref.]
Classes	Chemicals	Route	Glandular stomach	Colon	Bone marrow	Ref.	Ames [Ref.]	Chromosomal aberration [Ref.]	Carcinogenicity in rodent (main target) [Ref.]
Aneugens	COL	po	+	+	–	Present study	– [31]	+ (poly) [31]	No data
	VBS	iv	+	+	Tox (PB; +) ^a)	Present study	– [31]	+ (poly) [31, 32]	No data
	DOC	iv	+	+	Tox (PB; +) ^a)	Present study	– [33]	+ (poly) [33]	No data
Clastogens	MNU	po	+	+	+	[15]	+ [34]	+ [34]	+ (Stomach) [35, 36]
	4NQO	po	+	–	+	[15]	+ [31]	+ [31]	+ (Stomach) [37]
	MNNG	po	+	–	–	[15]	+ [34]	+ [34]	+ (Stomach) [35, 38]
	NMUT	po	+	–	–	[15]	+ [39]	+ [39]	+ (Stomach) [18]
	DMH	po	–	+	+	[15]	+ [34]	+ [34]	+ (Colon) [35, 40]
	PhIP	po	–	+	+	[15]	+ [31]	+ [31]	+ (Colon) [35, 41]
	KBrO₃	po	+	Eq	+	[15, 30]	+ [42]	+ [42]	+ (Kidney) [35, 42]
	MMC	iv	+	+	+	Present study	+ [31, 34]	+ [31, 34]	+ (Peritoneum) [35]
Genotoxic non-carcinogens	AM	po	–	–	–	[15]	– [43]	+ [39]	– [44, 45]
Genotoxic non-carcinogens	QN	po	–	–	–	[15]	+ [43]	+ [43]	– [46,47,48]
Non-genotoxic non-carcinogens	NaCl	po	–	–	–	Present study	– [34]	– [34], + [49]	– [34, 35]
Non-genotoxic non-carcinogens	SUC	po	–	–	–	Present study	– [50]	– [51], + [49]	– [35]

+, Positive; −, negative; Eq Equivocal, Tox Toxic, PB Peripheral blood, Ref. References
^aMN induction in erythrocytes was analyzed using peripheral blood on the day after the second administration
COL Colchicine, VBS Vinblastine sulfate, DOC Docetaxel hydrate, MNU N-nitroso-N-methylurea, 4NQO 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, MNNG N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, NMUT N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane, DMH 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride, PhIP 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine hydrochloride, KBrO₃ Potassium bromate, MMC Mitomycin C, AM Amaranth, QN Quercetin dihydrate, NaCl Sodium chloride, SUC Sucrose

ISSN: 1880-7062