Fig. 2

The level of DNA damage in the livers and stomachs of male ICR mice, as measured by the alkaline comet assay. The DNA damage induced by gardenia yellow (a), Curcuma extract (b), and Monascus red (c). The results are expressed as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. * p < 0.05 (Dunnett’s post-hoc test, two-sided) is considered significantly different from the negative control group values. ^†p < 0.025 (Student’s t-test, one-sided) is considered significantly different from the negative control