Table 3 Results of the in vitro chromosome aberration test with short-term treatment and with metabolic activation
From: Genotoxicity test of eight natural color additives in the Korean market
Test substance | Conc. (μg/ml) | Obs. Cell No. | S9 mix | Trt-Rec Time (hrs) | Number of chromosomal aberrations | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Numerical aberrations | Structural aberrations | |||||||||||||
Pol | Endo | Total | (%) | ctb | cte | csb | cse | Total | (%) | |||||
Negative Control | 200 | + | 6–18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | (1) | |
Gardenia Red | 313 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | (1) | |||
625 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | (1) | ||||
1250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | (1.5) | ||||
2500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | ||||
5000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | (2) | ||||
Gardenia Yellow | 313 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | |||
625 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | ||||
1250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | ||||
2500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | ||||
5000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0.5) | ||||
Gardenia Blue | 313 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | |||
625 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | ||||
1250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | ||||
2500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | ||||
Cochineal Extract | 313 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | |||
625 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0.5) | ||||
1250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | ||||
2500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0.5) | ||||
5000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0.5) | ||||
Lac Color | 313 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | |||
625 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | (1.5) | ||||
1250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0.5) | ||||
2500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0.5) | ||||
Beet Red | 313 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | (1) | |||
625 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 4 | (2) | ||||
1250 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | (1) | ||||
2500 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5 | (2.5) | ||||
5000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | (1.5) | ||||
Curcuma extract | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | (0.5) | |||
156 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | (2) | ||||
313 | 1 | 1 | 2 | (1) | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 9 | (4.5) | ||||
Monascus Red | 78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 6 | (3) | |||
156 | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 5 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 7 | (3.5) | ||||
313 | 0 | 2 | 2 | (1) | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | (2) | ||||
Positive control | 0 | 0 | 0 | (0) | 45 | 16 | 24 | 1 | 86* | (43) | ||||