Fig. 5

Landscape of TP53 mutational substitutions in Rwandan and non-Rwandan patients with gastric cancer. The single base substitutions with their total number included Rwandan patients (this study [n = 26]), non-Rwandan patients (the study by Natsume et al. [n = 225] [33], TCGA dataset [n = 182] [52], and the study by Wang et al. [n = 47] [43]. The bar graphs illustrate different mutation counts based on the 96-substitution classification, and each bar represent a frequency of a particular mutation from the traditional six base substitutions namely, C > A (blue), C > G (black), C > T (red), T > A (light gray), T > C (green), and T > G (pink). Substitutions were investigated using their immediate sequencing context (the base immediately 5′ before the mutation and the base immediately 3′ after the mutation) to make 96 mutations. * represents G[C > A]A, the pattern most frequently found in G:C > T:A mutations of Rwandan patients with gastric cancer (11.5%) compared to non-Rwandan patients in the study by Natsume et al. (3.1%), the TCGA dataset (2.7%), and the study by Wang et al. (0.0%)