Fig. 1

Structures of DNA damages and sequences containing DNA damages. a Structures of guanine oxidation products, cyclobutane thymine dimer (PD), hypoxanthine (H) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). b The sequence of the DNA duplex containing PD. The top strand contained PD and was labeled with 32P at the 5′ end (indicated by *). c The sequences of the DNA substrates. The top strand contained a lesion at position X and was labeled with 32P at the 5′ end (indicated by *). d X and Y in the nucleotides represent each lesion