Table 1 Genotoxicity data on 4-methylimidazole

Bacterial reverse mutation test

Salmonella typhimurium TA97, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. With and without S9 from rat or hamster liver.

100 – 10,000 μg/plate

Negative

[1, 5]

Bacterial reverse mutation test

Escherihia coli WP2 uvrA. With and without S9.

9.77 – 5000 μg/plate

Negative

[5]

Bacterial reverse mutation test

Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA102. With and without S9 from rat liver or lung, or mouse liver or lung.

5 – 5000 μg/plate

Negative

[14]

SAR analysis

Three softwares including Osiris, ToxTree and DEREK.

Not applicable

Negative

[13]

Micronucreus assay

Male and female mouse peripheral blood. Diet for 92 days.

625 – 10,000 ppm (up to 3200 mg/kg/day for male, 1900 mg/kg/day for female)

Negative

[1, 5]

Micronucreus assay

Male mouse bone marrow. Three intraperitoneal injections.

25 – 200 mg/kg

Negative

[1, 5]

Micronucreus assay

Male rat bone marrow. Three intraperitoneal injections.

25 – 100 mg/kg

Negative

[1, 5]