Table 1 All of the ECM related factors involved in gastric cancer progression and metastasis
From: Role of extra cellular proteins in gastric cancer progression and metastasis: an update
| Gene | Results | Country | population | Year | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ECM modifying enzymes | |||||
| MMP9 | Polymorphism was correlated with invasive phenotype | Japan |
177 patients 224 controls | 2005 | Matsumura [32] |
| MMP9 | MMP9 expression was correlated with stage, depth of tumor invasion, and lymph node involvement | Poland | 54 patients | 2009 | Mroczko [33] |
| MMP9 | increased levels of expression in advanced stage tumors | Serbia |
40 patients 11 controls | 2009 | Dragutinovic [34] |
| MMP1 | Polymorphism was correlated with poorly differentiation | Japan |
215 patients 166 controls | 2004 | Matsumura [35] |
| MMP1 | Polymorphism was correlated with GC risk | China |
422 patients 428 controls | 2014 | Dedong [36] |
| MMP2 | MMP2 expression was correlated with poor survival, stage, and diffuse type | Finland | 315 patients | 2006 | Mrena [37] |
| MMP14 | High levels of serum MMP14 was correlated with poor survival | Finland | 240 patients | 2018 | Kasurinen [38] |
| MMP7 and LAMC2 | MMP7 and LAMC2 expressions were correlated with tumor aggressiveness | Japan | 790 patients | 2014 | Sentani [39] |
| ADAMTS8, ADAMTS18, and ADAMTS1 | Expressions were correlated with stage | Turkey | 25 patients | 2017 | Kilic [40] |
| TIMP1 | TIMP1 expression was correlated with advanced stages, increased depth of invasion, and metastatic lymph nodes | Poland | 54 patients | 2009 | Mroczko [41] |
| MMP2, MMP24, and MMP25 | MMP2, MMP24, and MMP25 increased expression | Mexico |
17 patients 22 controls | 2014 | De la pena [42] |
| LOX | Over expression was correlated with local tumor relapse | China | 184 patients | 2018 | Peng [43] |
| LOXL4 | Over expression was correlated with tumor size, depth of invasion, stage, and survival | China | 379 patients | 2015 | Li [44] |
| PLOD2 | Expression was correlated with peritoneal metastasis | Japan | 179 patients | 2018 | Kiyozumi [45] |
| TFPI2 | Hyper methylation | China | 114 patients | 2017 | Hu [46] |
| ETS1 | over expression induced mucosal into the sub mucosal tumor invasion | Japan | 110 patients | 1996 | Nakayama [47] |
| Extra cellular angiogenic factors | |||||
| BSG | Expression was correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis | Japan |
234 tumors 85 normal | 2006 | Zheng [48] |
| MMRN2, EMILIN1, and EMILIN2 | High expression of MMRN2 in normal gastric mucosa along blood vessels, while the EMILIN2 and EMILIN1 expressions were limited to the lamina propria. | Italy | 51 patients | 2018 | Andreuzzi [49] |
| HPSE | Polymorphism was correlated with survival | China |
155 patients 204 controls | 2010 | Yue [50] |
| CTHRC1 | Expression was correlated with depth of invasion | China | 116 patients | 2012 | Wang [51] |
| CTHRC1 | Expression was associated with tumor stage, differentiation, survival, and prognosis, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, and tumor size. | China |
166 tumors 30 normal | 2014 | Gu [52] |
| ECM1 | Expression was correlated with tumor relapse, poor survival, and advanced stages. | China | 241 patients | 2018 | Gan [53] |
| ECM1 | Expression was correlated with tumor depth of invasion and stage. | China | 77 patients | 2014 | Wu [54] |
| Cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organizers | |||||
| PCDH8 | Was correlated with poor prognosis. | China | 144 patients | 2018 | Lin [55] |
| CLDN4 | Expression was correlated with depth of invasion and lymph node involvement | Taiwan | 189 patients | 2010 | Hwang [56] |
| LLGL1 | Was correlated with distant metastasis. | Germany | 56 patients | 2019 | Desuki [57] |
| FN1 | increased serum levels | Turkey |
63 patients 30 controls | 2016 | Tas [58] |
| FNDC1 | Expression was correlated with sex, survival, and stage. | China | 90 patients | 2018 | Ren [59] |
| ANOS1 | Expression was correlated with stage and prognosis. | Japan | 237 patients | 2016 | Kanda [60] |
| ITGA4 | Methylation | Korea | 46 patients | 2004 | Park [61] |
| ICAM1 (CD54) | Expressions were correlated with stage and lymph node involvement. | China | 84 patients | 2014 | Dong [62] |
| CFL1 | Over expression | China | 33 patients | 2017 | Wang [63] |
| HMMR (CD168) | Inverse correlation with lymph node involvement. | Japan | 196 patients | 2011 | Ishigami [64] |
| MFAP2 | Expression was correlated with depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, tumor stage, and poor overall survival | China | 168 patients | 2018 | Wang [65] |
| SPON2 | Expression was correlated with grade of tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, and advanced stages. | China | 174 patients | 2017 | Jin [66] |
| Matricellular proteins and growth factors | |||||
| SPARC | Was correlated with serosal invasion and poor survival. | Japan | 227 patients | 2013 | Sato [67] |
| SERPINE1 AND SPARC | Expressions were correlated with poor survival. | China |
293 tumors 196 normal | 2018 | Liao [68] |
| SPARCL1 | Expression was correlated with prognosis, survival, size, and grade. | China | 1072 patients | 2012 | Li [69] |
| FGFR2 AND THBS1 | Over expressions | China | 53 patients | 2017 | Huang [70] |
| LTBP2 | Expression was correlated with depth of invasion, stage, lymph node involvement, poor survival. | China | 174 patients | 2018 | Wang [71] |
| POSTN | Inverse correlation between expression and stage. | China |
25 tumors 8 normal | 2014 | LV [72] |
| Proteoglycans and extra cellular glycoproteins | |||||
| VCAN | Expression was correlated with poor prognosis. | China | 101 patients | 2015 | Shen [73] |
| ASPN | Over expression. | China | 46 patients | 2015 | Ding [74] |
| LUM | Up regulation in gastric CAFs was correlated with advanced stage, poor survival, depth of invasion, and lymph node involvement. | China | 117 patients | 2017 | Wang [75] |
| MUC2 | Was correlated with grade. | Egypt | 28 patients | 2011 | Khattab [76] |