Fig.7From: Chemo-preventive effects and antitumorigenic mechanisms of beer and nonalcoholic beer toward 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) - induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J miceEffects of beer, GB, PU and NABs on Akt phosphorylation with or without EGF stimulation in A549 cells. The experiment was repeated thrice and standard deviation (SD) is indicated with the bar (n = 3). *Significantly different from the negative control (NC; beer = 0, GB = 0, PU = O and NABs = 0) at P < 0.05. Positive control (PC), LY294002 (final 50 µM) serving as a positive kinase-inhibitor control was added to the PC dish 1 h prior to the termination of incubation. NAB: nonalcoholic beer; GB: glycine betaine; PU: pseudouridine; EGF: epidermal growth factorBack to article page