Risk assessment of aflatoxin B1 in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches

Ab Dullah, Siti Soleha; Sabran, Mohd Redzwan; Hasiah, Ab Hamid; Abdullah, Rozaini

doi:10.1186/s41021-023-00286-1

Table 1 Product description of the herbal medicine and PFS analysed in the present study

From: Risk assessment of aflatoxin B₁ in herbal medicines and plant food supplements marketed in Malaysia using margin of exposure and RISK21 approaches

Code	Dosage form	Direction for use/day	Botanical ingredient/herbs
Plant Food Supplement
T1	Tablet	2 tablets, 2 times/day	Allium sativum
T2	Tablet	2 tablets, 2 times/day	Andrographis paniculata
T3	Tablet	2 tablet, 3 times/day	Allium sativum
T4	Tablet	2 tablets, 1 times/day	Ginkgo Biloba Extract
T5	Tablet	2 tablets, 1 time/day	Allium sativum powder
T6	Tablet	2 tablets, 2 time/day	Centella Asiatica and mixture of Indian herbs
C1	Capsule	2 capsules, 2 times/day	Centella Asiatica
C2	Capsule	2 capsules, 2 times/day	Hippocratea indica, Piper nigrum, Trachyspermum ammi, Quercus infectoria, Labisia pumillia lin
C3	Capsule	2 capsules, 2 times/ day	Allium sativum
C4	Capsule	2 capsules, 3 times/day	Labisia pumillia, Quercus infectoria, Piper nigrum, Hippocratea indica, Trachyspermum Ammi
C5	Capsule	2 capsules, 2 times/ day	Allium sativum, Piper betle, Curcuma longa aeroginosa, Zingiber minus, Cuminum minus
L1	Liquid	2 spoons 1 time/day	Momordica charantia, Fructus, Ginkgo biloba, Camellia sinensis
L2	Liquid	2 spoon 1 times/day	Ophiocordyceps sinensis
L3	Liquid	1 spoon 1 time/day	Ginkgo biloba, Centela asiatica, Vitis vinifera
L4	Liquid	3 spoons 1 time/day	Phoenix dactylifera, Nigella sativa, Piper betle, Crocus sativus
L5	Liquid	2 spoons 1 time/day	Punica granatum, Zingiber officinale, Quercus infectoria. Elephantopus scaber, Plectranthus, Labisia pumila
Herbal medicine
D1	Leaves	Not Available^a	Andrographis paniculata
D2	Leaves	Not Available^a	Orthosiphon aristatus
D3	Leaves	Not Available^a	Azadirachta indica
D4	Leaves	Not Available^a	Morinda citrifolia
D5	Leaves	Not Available^a	Clinacanthus nutans
F2	Calyx	Not Available^a	Hibiscus sabdariffa
F1	Fruit	Not Available^a	Momordica charantia
F3	Fruit	Not Available^a	Helminthostachys zeylanica
F4	Fruit	Not Available^a	Quercus infectoria
R1	Root	Not Available^a	Eurycoma longifolia
R2	Root	Not Available^a	Panax quinquefolius
R3	Root	Not Available^a	Labisia pumila
S1	Seed	Not Available^a	Nigella sativa
S2	Seed	Not Available^a	Trigonella foenum-graecum
B1	Bulb	Not Available^a	Allium sativum

^aDaily intake was based on recommendation from the seller

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ISSN: 1880-7062

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