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Review
Guanine is the most readily oxidized of the four DNA bases, and guanine oxidation products cause G:C-T:A and G:C-C:G transversions through DNA replication. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) causes G:C-T:A tran...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:21
Published on: 1 August 2017
Research
Recently, Asian dust (AD) has become a serious health problem and several studies have clearly proven that AD can aggravate asthma. However, it remains unclear as to which components of AD have a strong effect...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:19
Published on: 1 July 2017
Research
Genetic and environmental risk factors play an important role for the susceptibility to sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). It was hypothesized that a splice variant of the CYP2D6 gene (CYP2D6*4 allele) is associa...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:18
Published on: 1 July 2017
Erratum
Genes and Environment 2017 39:20
Published on: 2 June 2017
The original article was published in Genes and Environment 2016 39:2
The original article was published in Genes and Environment 2016 39:1
Research
Pefcalcitol, an analog of vitamin D3 (VD3), is an anti-psoriatic drug candidate that is designed to achieve much higher pharmacological effects, such as keratinocyte differentiation, than those of VD3, with fewer...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:17
Published on: 1 June 2017
Research
Kaolin is white clay mineral with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4, and many varieties of kaolins having different crystal structures are utilized in industrial, cosmetic and medical fields. To evaluate the...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:12
Published on: 1 May 2017
Review
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a well-studied pro-carcinogen that is metabolically activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) has been considered to play a central role in the activation step, whi...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:14
Published on: 10 April 2017
Review
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimated that bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer in the world, with 430,000 new cases and 165,000 deaths in 2012. Bladder cancer represents the f...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:13
Published on: 1 April 2017
Review
Various kind of chemical substances, including man-made chemical products and unintended products, are emitted to ambient air. Some of these substances have been shown to be mutagenic and therefore to act as a...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:16
Published on: 1 April 2017
Letter to the Editor
The Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society (JEMS) was established in 1972 by 147 members, 11 of whom are still on the active list as of May 1, 2016. As one of them, I introduce some historic topics here. These...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:9
Published on: 1 March 2017
Review
The consequences of early-life exposure to chemicals in the environment are emerging concerns. Chronic exposure to naturally occurring inorganic arsenic has been known to cause various adverse health effects, ...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:3
Published on: 1 March 2017
Letter to the Editor
The evolution of methods to assess genotoxicity of test compounds is thought to be one of the important subjects in The Japanese Environmental and Mutagen Society (JEMS). In 1970, the Ministry of Education of...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:15
Published on: 21 February 2017
Review
Rats are a standard experimental animal for cancer bioassay and toxicological research for chemicals. Although the genetic analyses were behind mice, rats have been more frequently used for toxicological resea...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:11
Published on: 1 February 2017
Review
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed female cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Multiple factors are responsible for breast cancer and heritable factors have received m...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:10
Published on: 1 February 2017
Research
Interactions between genes and environment are critical factors for causing cancer in humans. The genotoxicity of environmental chemicals can be enhanced via the modulation of susceptible genes in host human c...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:6
Published on: 7 January 2017
Research
Cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 helps detoxify the potential carcinogens in tobacco smoke, it was reported that polymorphisms in the coding gene result in variation in the expression and activity levels which alter met...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:7
Published on: 7 January 2017
Research
A powdered ethanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza aspera root exhibits antimutagenic activity against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) based on the Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. The aim of this study was t...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:5
Published on: 6 January 2017
Short report
It is known that fibrous particles of micrometer length, such as carbon nanotubes, which have same dimensions as asbestos, are carcinogenic. Carcinogenicity of nanomaterials is strongly related to inflammatory...
Genes and Environment 2017 39:4
Published on: 6 January 2017
Review
Infection and chronic inflammation have been recognized as important factors for carcinogenesis. Under inflammatory conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated f...
Genes and Environment 2017 38:26
Published on: 1 January 2017
Review
Umu test have been widely used to predict the detection and assessment of DNA- damaging chemicals in environmental genotoxicity field for three decades. This test system is more useful wi...
Genes and Environment 2016 38:24
Published on: 1 December 2016
Letter to the Editor
Upon the commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the journal, “Genes and Environment”, the history of sciences on environmental mutagens in Japan was reviewed.
Genes and Environment 2016 38:23
Published on: 1 December 2016
Review
Guanine oxidation occurs in both DNA and the cellular nucleotide pool, and one of the major products is 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine). The mutagenic potentials of this oxidized base have been exa...
Genes and Environment 2016 39:2
Published on: 1 December 2016
The Erratum to this article has been published in Genes and Environment 2017 39:20
Research
Actinidia arguta, known as sarunashi in Japan, is a vine tree native to east-Asia, including Japan, that produces small fruit rich in anthocyanins, catechins, vitamin C, chlorophyll, b...
Genes and Environment 2016 38:25
Published on: 1 November 2016
Research
We investigated the enhancing effect of metal ions on several mutagens and examined their mechanism of action. We performed the Ames tests on six mutagens, i.e., 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide, 4-ni...
Genes and Environment 2016 38:21
Published on: 1 November 2016
Commentary
4-Methylimidazole (4-MI) is formed as a result of the Maillard reaction process, and therefore is found in many foods and beverages. It is also found in soft drinks (i.e., cola) as a by-product in the producti...
Genes and Environment 2016 38:20
Published on: 1 November 2016
